| EXIF/XMP/IPTC | C2PA | |
|---|---|---|
| Forgeability | Easy | Requires the signing key |
| After pixel edits | Often remains | Binding fails |
| Who signed | Weak | Certificate + Trust List |
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C2PA vs metadata
Ordinary metadata is an editable sticky note. C2PA is a signed, bound claim. Both can be stripped; only C2PA can prove the claim still matches this file.